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Patan Academy of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal

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What is Neurovascular Interventions?

Neurovascular Interventions are specialized, minimally invasive procedures performed to diagnose and treat disorders of the blood vessels in the brain, neck, and spine. These procedures involve advanced imaging techniques, such as fluoroscopy, CT, and MRI, to guide tiny catheters and devices through blood vessels, offering precise treatment without the need for open surgery. Neurovascular interventions are particularly effective for treating strokes, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and other cerebrovascular conditions.

Neurovascular Interventions: Treatments and Procedures

1. Aneurysm Treatment

  • Endovascular Coiling: Involves filling the aneurysm with coils to prevent blood flow and reduce the risk of rupture.
  • Flow Diverter Stent Placement: Used for large or complex aneurysms to redirect blood flow away from the aneurysm.

2. Stroke Management

  • Mechanical Thrombectomy: A lifesaving procedure where a blood clot is removed from a blocked artery in the brain during an acute ischemic stroke.
  • Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis: Administering clot-dissolving drugs directly into the blocked artery to restore blood flow.

3. Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) Treatment

  • Embolization: Injection of materials through a catheter to block abnormal blood vessels in the brain and reduce the risk of bleeding.

4. Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (DAVF) Treatment

  • Embolization Therapy: Minimally invasive approach to close abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain or spine.

5. Carotid Artery Stenting

  • Stent Placement: To treat carotid artery stenosis, reducing the risk of stroke by improving blood flow to the brain.

6. Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm

  • Intra-Arterial Vasodilator Therapy: Used to treat narrowed brain arteries, often following a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

7. Tumor Embolization

  • Preoperative Embolization: Reduces blood supply to brain tumors before surgical removal, minimizing bleeding during surgery.

8. Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

  • Spinal Fracture Treatment: Minimally invasive procedures to stabilize vertebral fractures using bone cement.

9. Spinal Angiography and Embolization

  • Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedure: For spinal vascular malformations or tumors, helping in diagnosis and treatment through targeted embolization.

Benefits of Neurovascular Interventions:

  • Minimally Invasive: Reduced recovery time and less postoperative pain.
  • High Precision: Advanced imaging ensures targeted treatment.
  • Faster Recovery: Shorter hospital stays and quicker return to daily activities.
  • Lower Risk of Complications: Compared to traditional open surgery.

Neurovascular interventions play a critical role in providing effective, minimally invasive treatment options for complex cerebrovascular conditions, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.